An unusual protein was isolated from acid extracts of normal human pancreas and pancreatic secretion in the form of uniform 7-10-nm long single threads without visible axial periodicity or other structure, as seen in the electron microscope. It accounts for as much as 300 micrograms/ml in some pancreatic secretions as measured by specific radioimmunoassay. The protein undergoes a freely reversible, pH dependent, globule-fibril transformation, being stable in the fibril form between pH 5.4 and 9.2. The monomer at acid pH has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 14,000 and consists of a single polypeptide chain, the amino acid composition of which is rich in aromatic amino acids and lacks carbohydrate, fatty acid, and phosphate. The amino acid sequence of 45 residues from the amino terminus shows no homology with any other reported protein sequences other than that of the A chain of the bovine pancreas thread protein (reported elsewhere). A sensitive radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies against human pancreatic thread protein failed to detect the antigen in a wide range of human tissues other than pancreas, nor was the antigen measurable in normal human sera. Immunohistochemistry utilizing these antibodies revealed the antigen as a component of the cytoplasm of some but not all the pancreatic acinar cells. A physiologic function has not yet been determined for this protein.
J Gross, R I Carlson, A W Brauer, M N Margolies, A L Warshaw, J R Wands
Title and authors | Publication | Year |
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Role of regenerating islet-derived proteins in inflammatory bowel disease
JA Edwards, N Tan, N Toussaint, P Ou, C Mueller, A Stanek, V Zinsou, S Roudnitsky, M Sagal, L Dresner, A Schwartzman, C Huan |
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG | 2020 |
Four Decades After the Discovery of Regenerating Islet-Derived (Reg) Proteins: Current Understanding and Challenges
Z Chen, S Downing, ES Tzanakakis |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology | 2019 |
Regenerating islet-derived protein 1 inhibits the activation of islet stellate cells isolated from diabetic mice.
Xu W, Li W, Wang Y, Zha M, Yao H, Jones PM, Sun Z |
Oncotarget | 2015 |
Cellular mechanisms underlying failed beta cell regeneration in offspring of protein-restricted pregnant mice
AR Cox, CA Beamish, DE Carter, EJ Arany, DJ Hill |
Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) | 2013 |
Regenerating proteins and their expression, regulation and signaling
A Parikh, AF Stephan, ES Tzanakakis |
BioMolecular Concepts | 2011 |
Pancreatic Stone Protein/Regenerating Protein Family in Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Diseases
CX Jin, T Hayakawa, SB Ko, H Ishiguro, M Kitagawa |
Internal Medicine | 2011 |
An Immunohistochemical Study of Osteopontin in Pigment Gallstone Formation
M Imano, T Satou, T Itoh, Y Takeyama, A Yasuda, YF Peng, M Shinkai, S Haji, C Yasuda, T Nakai, T Yasuda, H Imamoto, K Okuno, H Shiozaki, H Ohyanagi |
The American surgeon | 2010 |
Involvement of osteopontin as a core protein in cholesterol gallstone formation
H Ichikawa, M Imano, Y Takeyama, H Shiozaki, H Ohyanagi |
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery | 2009 |
Administration of anti-Reg I and anti-PAPII antibodies worsens pancreatitis
D Viterbo, GE Callender, T DiMaio, CM Mueller, T Smith-Norowitz, ME Zenilman, MH Bluth |
JOP : Journal of the pancreas | 2009 |
Reply
J Bommer, T Heinrich, H Heidt, V Hafner, E Jenetzky, I Walter-Sack, G Mikus |
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation | 2008 |
Practical utility of urinary assay in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: AlzheimAlert™
IJ Goodman |
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics | 2008 |
Is genetic analysis helpful for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis in its early stage?
S Naruse, K Fujiki, H Ishiguro |
Journal of Gastroenterology | 2007 |
The role of Islet Neogenesis-Associated Protein (INGAP) in islet neogenesis
M Lipsett, S Hanley, M Castellarin, E Austin, WL Suarez-Pinzon, A Rabinovitch, L Rosenberg |
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics | 2007 |
Prospects and challenges for islet regeneration as a treatment for diabetes: a review of islet neogenesis associated protein
A Fleming, L Rosenberg |
Journal of diabetes science and technology | 2007 |
Helicobacter and gastrin stimulate Reg1 expression in gastric epithelial cells through distinct promoter elements
IA Steele, R Dimaline, DM Pritchard, RM Peek, TC Wang, GJ Dockray, A Varro |
AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology | 2007 |
Exocrine Meets Endocrine: Pancreatic Stone Protein and Regenerating Protein—Two Sides of the Same Coin
R Graf, M Schiesser, T Reding, P Appenzeller, LK Sun, F Fortunato, A Perren, D Bimmler |
Journal of Surgical Research | 2006 |
Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Pancreas of Diet-induced Diabetic Mice
L Qiu, EO List, JJ Kopchick |
Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP | 2005 |
Implication of Reg I in Human Pancreatic Duct-like Cells In Vivo in the Pathological Pancreas and In Vitro During Exocrine Dedifferentiation
D Sanchez, V Gmyr, J Kerr-Conte, G Kloppel, ME Zenilman, O Guy-Crotte, F Pattou, C Figarella |
Pancreas | 2004 |
Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease
K Blennow |
NeuroRX | 2004 |
Control of expression of the lectin-like protein Reg-1 by gastrin: role of the Rho family GTPase RhoA and a C-rich promoter element
FJ Ashcroft, A Varro, R Dimaline, GJ Dockray |
Biochemical Journal | 2004 |
Expression of the regenerating gene family in inflammatory bowel disease mucosa: Reg Ialpha upregulation, processing, and antiapoptotic activity
BK Dieckgraefe, DL Crimmins, V Landt, C Houchen, S Anant, R Porche-Sorbet, JH Ladenson |
Journal of Investigative Medicine | 2002 |
Human Aspartyl (Asparaginyl) β-Hydroxylase Monoclonal Antibodies: Potential Biomarkers for Pancreatic Carcinoma
KS Palumbo, JR Wands, H Safran, T King, RI Carlson, SM de la Monte |
Pancreas | 2002 |
Human Aspartyl (Asparaginyl) β-Hydroxylase Monoclonal Antibodies: Potential Biomarkers for Pancreatic Carcinoma:
KS Palumbo, JR Wands, H Safran, T King, RI Carlson, SM de la Monte |
Pancreas | 2002 |
Preferential Expression of Reg Iβ Gene in Human Adult Pancreas
D Sanchez, C Figarella, S Marchand-Pinatel, N Bruneau, O Guy-Crotte |
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | 2001 |
A Family of 16-kDa Pancreatic Secretory Stress Proteins Form Highly Organized Fibrillar Structures upon Tryptic Activation
R Graf, M Schiesser, GA Scheele, K Marquardt, TW Frick, RW Ammann, D Bimmler |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 2001 |
A Brief History of Pancreatic Reg: Implications as to its Clinical Importance
H Wu, Q Zheng, P Rengabhashyam, ME Zenilman |
The Einstein quarterly journal of biology and medicine | 2000 |
A Recombinant Rat Regenerating Protein Is Mitogenic to Pancreatic Derived Cells
JL Levine, KJ Patel, Q Zheng, AR Shuldiner, ME Zenilman |
Journal of Surgical Research | 2000 |
Overexpression of the reg Gene In Non-obese Diabetic Mouse Pancreas During Active Diabetogenesis Is Restricted to Exocrine Tissue
D Sanchez, N Baeza, R Blouin, C Devaux, G Grondin, K Mabrouk, O GuyCrotte, C Figarella |
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry | 2000 |
Immunoreactive pancreatic Reg protein in sera from cystic fibrosis patients with and without pancreatic insufficiency
J Carrère, O Guy-Crotte, E Gaia, C Figarella |
Gut | 1999 |
Human Pancreatic Thread Protein, an Exocrine Thread Protein with Possible Implications to Alzheimer's Disease: Secondary Structure in Solution at Acid pH
V Renugopalakrishnan, JC Dobbs, TW Collette, LA Carreira, TB Hutson, R Garduño-Juarez |
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | 1999 |
Expression of REG Protein During Cell Growth and Differentiation of Two Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines
FR Bernard-Perrone, WP Renaud, OM Guy-Crotte, P Bernard, CG Figarella, H Okamoto, DC Balas, FO Senegas-Balas |
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry | 1999 |
Biophysical Characterization of Lithostathine: EVIDENCES FOR A POLYMERIC STRUCTURE AT PHYSIOLOGICAL pH AND A PROTEOLYSIS MECHANISM LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF FIBRILS
C Cerini, V Peyrot, C Garnier, L Duplan, S Veesler, JP Caer, JP Bernard, H Bouteille, R Michel, A Vazi, P Dupuy, B Michel, Y Berland, JM Verdier |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 1999 |
New concepts in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis
D Bimmler, R Graf, TW Frick |
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer | 1999 |
Characteristics of rat pancreatic regenerating protein
ME Zenilman, J Chen, B Danesh, Q Zheng |
Surgery | 1998 |
Alcohol and the pancreas
MV Apte, PS Haber, ID Norton, JS Wilson |
Addiction Biology | 1998 |
Chronic Pancreatitis
CS Pitchumoni |
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology | 1998 |
Cloning and sequencing of the pancreatic islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP) gene and its expression in islet neogenesis in hamsters
R Rafaeloff, GL Pittenger, SW Barlow, XF Qin, B Yan, L Rosenberg, WP Duguid, AI Vinik |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1997 |
Pancreatic reg Gene Expression Is Inhibited During Cellular Differentiation
ME Zenilman, TH Magnuson, R Perfetti, J Chen, AR Shuldiner |
Annals of Surgery | 1997 |
Neuronal Thread Protein Gene Modulation With Cerebral Infarction
SM de la Monte, W Garner, JR Wands |
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism | 1997 |
Pancreatic reg gene expression is inhibited during cellular differentiation
ME Zenilman, TH Magnuson, R Perfetti, J Chen, AR Shuldiner |
Annals of Surgery | 1997 |
Neuronal Thread Protein Gene Modulation With Cerebral Infarction:
SM de la Monte, W Garner, JR Wands |
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism | 1997 |
Pancreatic Stone Protein (Lithostathine), a Physiologically Relevant Pancreatic Calcium Carbonate Crystal Inhibitor?
D Bimmler, R Graf, GA Scheele, TW Frick |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 1997 |
The endoscopic approach to pancreatic duct stones
M Barawi, GA Lehman, S Sherman |
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery | 1997 |
Ectopic expression of reg protein: a marker of colorectal mucosa at risk for neoplasia,
M Zenilman |
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery | 1997 |
Absence of Correlation between Reg and Insulin Gene Expression in Pancreas during Fetal Development
C Moriscot, W Renaud, R Bouvier, D Figarella-Branger, C Figarella, O Guy-Crotte |
Pediatric Research | 1996 |
Crystal structure of human lithostathine, the pancreatic inhibitor of stone formation
JA Bertrand, D Pignol, JP Bernard, JM Verdier, JC Dagorn, JC Fontecilla-Camps |
The EMBO Journal | 1996 |
Modulation of neuronal thread protein expression with neuritic sprouting: relevance to Alzheimer's disease
SM de la Monte, YY Xu, JR Wands |
Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 1996 |
Developmental patterns of neuronal thread protein gene expression in Down syndrome
SM de la Monte, YY Xu, GM Hutchins, JR Wands |
Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 1996 |
Identification of differentially expressed genes induced in pancreatic islet neogenesis
R Rafaeloff, XF Qin, SW Barlow, L Rosenberg, AI Vinik |
FEBS Letters | 1996 |
Measurement of serum PSP/reg-protein concentration in various diseases with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Y Satomura, N Sawabu, I Mouri, O Yamakawa, H Watanabe, Y Motoo, T Okai, T Ito, K Kaneda, H Okamoto |
Journal of Gastroenterology | 1995 |
The Glycan Moiety of Human Pancreatic Lithostathine. Structure Characterization and Possible Pathophysiological Implications
M Reggi, C Capon, B Gharib, JM Wieruszeski, R Michel, B Fournet |
European Journal of Biochemistry | 1995 |
Insulin-induced differentiation and modulation of neuronal thread protein expression in primitive neuroectodermal tumor cells is linked to phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1
YY Xu, K Bhavani, JR Wands, SM Monte |
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience | 1995 |
Ethanol inhibits insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated neuronal thread protein gene expression
YY Xu, K Bhavani, JR Wands, SM de la Monte |
Biochemical Journal | 1995 |
Endoscopic Therapy of Pancreatic Stones
R Alhalel, GB Haber |
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America | 1995 |
Purification and assay of secretory lithostathine in human pancreatic juice by fast protein liquid chromatography
A Mariani, G Mezzi, A Malesci |
Gut | 1995 |
Quantification of human lithostathine by high performance liquid chromatography
JP Bernard, M Barthet, B Gharib, R Michel, A Lilova, J Sahel, JC Dagorn, MD Reggi |
Gut | 1995 |
Insulin-induced differentiation and modulation of neuronal thread protein expression in primitive neuroectodermal tumor cells is linked to phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1
YY Xu, K Bhavani, JR Wands, SM de la Monte |
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience | 1995 |
Expression of Reg gene in the Syrian golden hamster pancreatic islet regeneration model.
Rafaeloff R, Barlow SW, Rosenberg L, Vinik AI |
Diabetologia | 1995 |
Pancreatic beta-cell replication and amelioration of surgical diabetes by Reg protein
T Watanabe, Y Yonemura, H Yonekura, Y Suzuki, H Miyashita, K Sugiyama, S Moriizumi, M Unno, O Tanaka, H Kondo |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 1994 |
Fc Site-Specific Labeling of Immunoglobulins with Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase
M Husain, C Bieniarz |
Bioconjugate Chemistry | 1994 |
Pancreatic Reg/pancreatic stone protein (PSP) gene expression does not correlate with beta-cell growth and regeneration in rats
FE Smith, S Bonner-Weir, JL Leahy, MJ Laufgraben, Y Ogawa, KM Rosen, L Villa-Komaroff |
Diabetologia | 1994 |
Genetic factors of importance for β-cell proliferation
M Welsh, J Mares, C Öberg, T Karlsson |
Diabetes / Metabolism Reviews | 1993 |
Concentration of Neural Thread Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Parkinson's Disease
T Yamada, JK Chong, M Asahina, Y Koguchi, K Hirayama |
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences | 1993 |
Enzyme immunoassay and characterization of pancreatic stone proteins in human urine
N Tatemichi, C Takahashi, S Hayakawa, T Hayakawa, T Shibata, M Kitagawa, H Sobajima, Y Nakae |
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis | 1993 |
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. An analysis of cell lineage markers, p53 expression, and Ki-ras mutation
A Hoorens, NR Lemoine, E McLellan, T Morohoshi, T Kamisawa, PU Heitz, B Stamm, J Rüschoff, B Wiedenmann, G Klöppel |
The American Journal of Pathology | 1993 |
Standards in Pancreatic Surgery
HG Beger, M Büchler, P Malfertheiner |
1993 | |
Serum pancreatic stone protein in pancreatic diseases
T Hayakawa, T Kondo, T Shibata, M Kitagawa, Y Sakai, H Sobajima, M Tanikawa, Y Nakae, S Hayakawa, T Katsuzaki, N Tatemichi |
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer | 1993 |
The immunohistochemical evaluation of PSP/reg-protein in normal and diseased human pancreatic tissues
Y Satomura, N Sawabu, H Ohta, H Watanabe, O Yamakawa, Y Motoo, T Okai, D Toya, H Makino, H Okamoto |
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer | 1993 |
Structure, chromosomal localization, and expression of mouse reg genes, reg I and reg II. A novel type of reg gene, reg II, exists in the mouse genome
M Unno, H Yonekura, K Nakagawara, T Watanabe, H Miyashita, S Moriizumi, H Okamoto, T Itoh, H Teraoka |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 1993 |
Expression of human regenerating gene mRNA and its product in normal and neoplastic human pancreas
N Kimura, H Yonekura, H Okamofo, H Nagura |
Cancer | 1992 |
Increased levels of neuronal thread protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease
SM de la Monte, L Volicer, SL Hauser, JR Wands |
Annals of Neurology | 1992 |
Immunohistochemical study of secretory proteins in the developing human exocrine pancreas
J Carrere, D Figarella-Branger, F Senegas-Balas, C Figarella, O Guy-Crotte |
Differentiation | 1992 |
A calcium-binding protein in bile and gallstones
MF Kestell, J Sekijima, SP Lee, HZ Park, M Long, EW Kaler |
Hepatology | 1992 |
Automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay for neural thread protein in cerebrospinal fluid from alzheimer's disease patients
JK Chong, L Cantrell, M Husain, S Riesing, BE Miller, J Wands, S la Monte, HA Ghanbari |
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis | 1992 |
Neuronal thread protein over-expression in brains with Alzheimer's disease lesions
SM de la Monte, JR Wands |
Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 1992 |
Pancreatic Islet Cell Regeneration and Growth
AI Vinik, DJ Sirman |
1992 | |
Persistence of the X-Ray-Transparent Matrix of Vanishing Pancreatic Stones
C Bastid, H Sarles |
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology | 1991 |
Pancreatic stone protein: What is it and what does it do?
KN Rao, DH Thiel |
Digestive Diseases and Sciences | 1991 |
Differences of pancreatic stone morphology and content in patients with pancreatic lithiasis
A Mariani, JP Bernard, M Provansal-Cheylan, S Nitsche, H Sarles |
Digestive Diseases and Sciences | 1991 |
Enhanced expression of an exocrine pancreatic protein in Alzheimer's disease and the developing human brain
SM de la Monte, M Ozturk, JR Wands |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1990 |
Isolation and characterization of human reg protein produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
T Itoh, H Tsuzuki, T Katoh, H Teraoka, K Matsumoto, N Yoshida, K Terazono, T Watanabe, H Yonekura, H Yamamoto, H Okamoto |
FEBS Letters | 1990 |
Renaming pancreatic stone protein as ‘lithostathine’
H Sarles, JC Dagorn, D Giorgi, IP Bernard |
Gastroenterology | 1990 |
Immunochemical characterization and quantitative distribution of pancreatic stone protein in sera and pancreatic secretions in pancreatic disorders
W Schmiegel, M Burchert, H Kalthoff, C Roeder, G Bützow, H Grimm, B Kremer, N Soehendra, HW Schreiber, H Thiele, H Greten |
Gastroenterology | 1990 |
Structural analysis of bovine pancreatic thread protein
L Cai, WR Harris, DR Marshak, J Gross, JW Crabb |
Journal of Protein Chemistry | 1990 |
Complete nucleotide sequence of human reg gene and its expression in normal and tumoral tissues. The reg protein, pancreatic stone protein, and pancreatic thread protein are one and the same product of the gene
T Watanabe, H Yonekura, K Terazono, H Yamamoto, H Okamoto |
The Journal of biological chemistry | 1990 |
Secretory pancreatic stone protein messenger RNA. Nucleotide sequence and expression in chronic calcifying pancreatitis
D Giorgi, JP Bernard, S Rouquier, J Iovanna, H Sarles, JC Dagorn |
Journal of Clinical Investigation | 1989 |
N-terminal sequence extension in the glycosylated forms of human pancreatic stone protein. The 5-oxoproline N-terminal chain is O-glycosylated on the 5th amino acid residue
AM de Caro, Z Adrich, B Fournet, C Capon, JJ Bonicel, JD de Caro, M Rovery |
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology | 1989 |
Pathophysiology of the exocrine pancreas in cystic fibrosis
PR Durie, GG Forstner |
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | 1989 |
Elevated levels of an exocrine pancreatic secretory protein in Alzheimer disease brain
M Ozturk, SM de la Monte, J Gross, JR Wands |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 1989 |
Characterization in rat pancreatic juice of a protein homologous to the human pancreatic stone protein
Z Adrich, AM de Caro, AA Guidoni, ME Woudstra, M Rovery |
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry | 1989 |
The human pancreatic stone protein
AD Caro, L Multigner, JC Dagorn, H Sarles |
Biochimie | 1988 |
The amino-terminal domain of thrombomodulin and pancreatic stone protein are homologous with lectins
TE Petersen |
FEBS Letters | 1988 |
Remarks on the article ‘Cleavage of the Arg-Ile bond in the polypeptide chain of human pancreatic stone protein’ by P. Rouimi, J. Bonicel, M. Rovery, and A. De Caro
C Figarella |
FEBS Letters | 1988 |
Concanavalin A variants of the fetoacinar pancreatic protein in the developing human pancreas and other biological sources
S Imperial, MJ Escribano |
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects | 1988 |
Characterization of two glycoproteins of human pancreatic juice: P35, a truncated protease E and P19, precursor of protein X
O Guy-Crotte, C Barthe, D Basso, B Fournet, C Figarella |
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | 1988 |
Complete amino acid sequence of an immunoreactive form of human pancreatic stone protein isolated from pancreatic juice
AM CARO, JJ BONICEL, P ROUIMI, JD CARO, H SARLES, M ROVERY |
European Journal of Biochemistry | 1987 |
PANCREATIC STONE PROTEIN, PROTEIN X, AND THREAD PROTEIN
C Figarella, M Amouric, O Guy-Crotte |
The Lancet | 1987 |
Protein X, a Proteolysis Product of Human Pancreatic Juice. Immunological Relationship with Trypsinogen 1
M AMOURIC, C BARTHE, C KOPEYAN, C FIGARELLA, O GUY-CROTTE |
Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler | 1987 |
Cleavage of the ArgIle bond in the native polypeptide chain of human pancreatic stone protein
P Rouimi, J Bonicel, M Rovery, AD Caro |
FEBS Letters | 1987 |
Alcoholic pancreatitis in rats fed ethanol in a nutritionally adequate liquid diet
M Singh |
International Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer | 1987 |
Etiopathogenesis and definition of chronic pancreatitis
H Sarles |
Digestive Diseases and Sciences | 1986 |
Problems of pancreatitis
AL Warshaw |
The Japanese Journal of Surgery | 1986 |
Pancreatic Disease
EC Kafka, MH Kalser |
Postgraduate Medicine | 1975 |