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IL-1β dominates the promucin secretory cytokine profile in cystic fibrosis
Gang Chen, Ling Sun, Takafumi Kato, Kenichi Okuda, Mary B. Martino, Aiman Abzhanova, Jennifer M. Lin, Rodney C. Gilmore, Bethany D. Batson, Yvonne K. O’Neal, Allison S. Volmer, Hong Dang, Yangmei Deng, Scott H. Randell, Brian Button, Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico, Mehmet Kesimer, Carla M.P. Ribeiro, Wanda K. O’Neal, Richard C. Boucher
Gang Chen, Ling Sun, Takafumi Kato, Kenichi Okuda, Mary B. Martino, Aiman Abzhanova, Jennifer M. Lin, Rodney C. Gilmore, Bethany D. Batson, Yvonne K. O’Neal, Allison S. Volmer, Hong Dang, Yangmei Deng, Scott H. Randell, Brian Button, Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico, Mehmet Kesimer, Carla M.P. Ribeiro, Wanda K. O’Neal, Richard C. Boucher
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Research Article Pulmonology

IL-1β dominates the promucin secretory cytokine profile in cystic fibrosis

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Abstract

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by early and persistent mucus accumulation and neutrophilic inflammation in the distal airways. Identification of the factors in CF mucopurulent secretions that perpetuate CF mucoinflammation may provide strategies for novel CF pharmacotherapies. We show that IL-1β, with IL-1α, dominated the mucin prosecretory activities of supernatants of airway mucopurulent secretions (SAMS). Like SAMS, IL-1β alone induced MUC5B and MUC5AC protein secretion and mucus hyperconcentration in CF human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Mechanistically, IL-1β induced the sterile α motif–pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and downstream endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 (ERN2) to upregulate mucin gene expression. Increased mRNA levels of IL1B, SPDEF, and ERN2 were associated with increased MUC5B and MUC5AC expression in the distal airways of excised CF lungs. Administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) blocked SAMS-induced expression of mucins and proinflammatory mediators in CF HBE cells. In conclusion, IL-1α and IL-1β are upstream components of a signaling pathway, including IL-1R1 and downstream SPDEF and ERN2, that generate a positive feedback cycle capable of producing persistent mucus hyperconcentration and IL-1α and/or IL-1β–mediated neutrophilic inflammation in the absence of infection in CF airways. Targeting this pathway therapeutically may ameliorate mucus obstruction and inflammation-induced structural damage in young CF children.

Authors

Gang Chen, Ling Sun, Takafumi Kato, Kenichi Okuda, Mary B. Martino, Aiman Abzhanova, Jennifer M. Lin, Rodney C. Gilmore, Bethany D. Batson, Yvonne K. O’Neal, Allison S. Volmer, Hong Dang, Yangmei Deng, Scott H. Randell, Brian Button, Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico, Mehmet Kesimer, Carla M.P. Ribeiro, Wanda K. O’Neal, Richard C. Boucher

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Figure 11

IL-1Ra inhibits SAMS-induced expression of mucin and proinflammatory genes in both non-CF and CF HBE cells.

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IL-1Ra inhibits SAMS-induced expression of mucin and proinflammatory gen...
Fully differentiated non-CF and CF HBE cells were pretreated with vehicle (PBS) or IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1Ra (at 2 μg/ml from the apical side and 400 ng/ml from the basolateral side) for 24 hours prior to exposure to diluted SAMS (1:40 dilution of stock SAMS with sterile PBS to reach 1 ng/ml of IL-1β concentration) in SAMS+IL-1Ra administration was compared with control treatment (PBS and IL-1Ra) for 3 days. mRNA expression of MUC5B (A), MUC5AC (B), SPDEF (C), AGR2 (D), and ERN2 (E) and proinflammatory mediators IL8, IL6, and CXCL1 (F–H) were quantitatively measured by TaqMan assays. Graphs present data as mean ± SD with n = 2 independent HBE cell cultures of non-CF (from n = 5 donor lungs) and CF (from n = 5 donor lungs). Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001, compared with vehicle-treated groups.

Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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