Mice expressing lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein (LCMV-NP) as a transgene in their β cells develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) only after LCMV infection. Inoculation of plasmid DNA encoding the insulin B chain reduced the incidence of IDDM by 50% in this model. The insulin B-chain DNA vaccination was effective through induction of regulatory CD4 lymphocytes that react with the insulin B chain, secrete IL-4, and locally reduce activity of LCMV-NP–autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the pancreatic draining lymph node. In contrast, similar vaccination with plasmids expressing the LCMV viral (“self”) protein did not prevent IDDM, because no such regulatory cells were induced. Thus, DNA immunization with plasmids expressing self-antigens might constitute a novel and attractive therapeutic approach to prevent autoimmune diseases, if the antigens are carefully preelected for an ability to induce regulatory lymphocytes in vivo.
Bryan Coon, Ling-Ling An, J. Lindsay Whitton, Matthias G. von Herrath
Usage data is cumulative from October 2023 through October 2024.
Usage | JCI | PMC |
---|---|---|
Text version | 191 | 26 |
77 | 16 | |
Figure | 135 | 5 |
Table | 108 | 0 |
Citation downloads | 45 | 0 |
Totals | 556 | 47 |
Total Views | 603 |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.