Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by antibodies demonstrable by immunofluorescence on the renal glomeruli and at the basement membrane area of both normal and involved skin. Acid eluates from glomeruli and from normal-appearing skin of three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contained an antinuclear antibody. This antibody fixes complement and produces a mixed immunofluorescent pattern. Anti-deoxyribonucleic acid or antiextractable nuclear antigen antibodies may be present. This antibody is concentrated on the skin and glomerular basement membrane in proportion to the total serum IgG concentration. In two cases the skin eluate contains, in addition to the antinuclear antibody, a basement membrane antibody that fixes complement, gives a linear immunofluorescent pattern, and appears to be similar (although not identical) to the pemphigoid antibody.
Madeleine Landry, W. Mitchell Sams Jr.
Usage data is cumulative from October 2023 through October 2024.
Usage | JCI | PMC |
---|---|---|
Text version | 127 | 0 |
65 | 62 | |
Scanned page | 327 | 2 |
Citation downloads | 41 | 0 |
Totals | 560 | 64 |
Total Views | 624 |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.