Usage Information
Abstract
Coinfection with both HIV and M. tuberculosis (Mtb) results in disseminated tuberculosis (TB) and accelerated HIV progression. Despite greater access to antiretroviral treatment (ART), it remains unclear whether suppression of HIV replication protects against severe Mtb infection. Here, using a macaque model of SIV/Mtb coinfection, we investigated whether treatment of SIV infection with ART influenced control of a subsequent Mtb challenge compared with SIV-infected macaques that were not treated with ART. Macaques were first infected with SIVB670, SIVB670 with ART, or saline followed by a low-dose Mtb inoculation with serial clinical and PET-CT imaging assessments. At necropsy, gross pathology, viremia, bacterial burden, and immunologic parameters were compared. SIV-TB animals had greater gross pathology and total bacterial burden than TB-only and SIV/ART/TB groups. However, despite normal blood CD4 counts and undetectable SIV RNA, SIV/ART/TB macaques showed similar clinical parameters and extrapulmonary involvement as SIV/TB animals. Analysis of barcoded-Mtb suggests that ART control of SIV replication did not prevent Mtb extrapulmonary dissemination. These data indicate that people living with HIV on ART remain at high risk of bacterial dissemination and extrapulmonary TB disease. Understanding the mechanisms of extrapulmonary spread and disease severity during HIV/TB coinfection remains an important issue.
Authors
Collin R. Diedrich, Tara Rutledge, Janelle L. Gleim, Christopher Kline, Pauline Maiello, Jessica M. Medrano, H. Jacob Borish, Harris B. Chishti, Justin L. Gaines, Edwin Klein, Forrest Hopkins, Jacob E. Klein, Daniel Fillmore, Kara Kracinovsky, Jaime Tomko, Jennifer Schober, Sarah M. Fortune, Michael C. Chao, JoAnne L. Flynn, Zandrea Ambrose, Philana Ling Lin
Usage data is cumulative from February 2026 through May 2026.
| Usage | JCI | PMC |
|---|---|---|
| Text version | 1,266 | 0 |
| 298 | 0 | |
| Figure | 619 | 0 |
| Supplemental data | 180 | 0 |
| Citation downloads | 131 | 0 |
| Totals | 2,494 | 0 |
| Total Views | 2,494 | |
Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.
Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.
