ATP and purinergic receptor–dependent membrane traffic in bladder umbrella cells
J. Clin. Invest. Edward C.Y. Wang, et al. 115:2412 doi:10.1172/JCI24086 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
ATP localization, release, and hydrolysis in uroepithelium. (A and B) Pressure-induced release of ATP from the serosal (A) or mucosal (B) surfaces of rabbit uroepithelium. The epithelial tissue was mounted in modified Ussing stretch chambers, equilibrated, and pretreated with the indicated drug 15 minutes before the start of the experiment. ATP release was measured just prior to the start of the experiment (background [BKG]), immediately following the rise in hydrostatic pressure (t = 0), and 3, 6, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 60 minutes after the pressure was raised. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3). *Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) relative to the appropriate control. (C) Rabbit uroepithelium was incubated with 5 μM quinacrine for 30 minutes at room temperature, subsequently labeled with FM4-64 (to label cell membranes), and then imaged using a confocal microscope. The image is a projection of the Z series. Quinacrine staining is shown in green, and FM4-64 staining is shown in blue. (D) ATP (50 μM) was added to the mucosal or serosal hemichamber (labeled “Mucosal” and “Serosal,” respectively) of tissue mounted in Ussing stretch chambers. In control reactions, tissue was replaced with plastic film (labeled “Mucosal control” and “Serosal control”). At the designated time points, samples were taken, and the ATP concentration remaining in the hemichamber was measured. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3). *Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) relative to the appropriate control.