D-β-Hydroxybutyrate rescues mitochondrial respiration and mitigates features of Parkinson disease
J. Clin. Invest. Kim Tieu, et al. 112:892 doi:10.1172/JCI18797 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
Brain levels of DβHB and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (βHBD) under different treatments. (a) One day after implantation of pumps containing DβHB, animals were injected intraperitoneally with saline (Sal), MPTP, or 3-NP as described in Methods, and brain levels of DβHB were measured at 0 days (90 minutes after the fourth injection), 2 days, and 7 days thereafter. The utilization of DβHB was increased when cells were under metabolic stress induced by these toxins. n = 4–6; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with the respective control saline groups. (b) Western blot analysis of ventral midbrains from MPTP-intoxicated mice shows upregulation of this enzyme as early as day 0. n = 4–5 per group; *P < 0.05 compared with the control saline group. β-Actin is used to normalize βHBD values.