Adoptive immunotherapy, or the infusion of lymphocytes, is a promising approach for the
treatment of cancer and certain chronic viral infections. The application of the principles of
synthetic biology to enhance T cell function has resulted in substantial increases in clinical
efficacy. The primary challenge to the field is to identify tumor-specific targets to avoid off-
tumor, on-target toxicity. Given recent advances in efficacy in numerous pilot trials, the next
steps in clinical development will require multicenter trials to establish adoptive …