Hiding in plain sight: interleukin-11 emerges as a master regulator of fibrosis, tissue integrity, and stromal inflammation
Interleukin (IL)-11 is upregulated in a wide variety of fibro-inflammatory diseases such as
systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease,
kidney disease, drug-induced liver injury, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. IL-11 is a
member of the IL-6 cytokine family and has several distinct properties that define its unique
and nonredundant roles in disease. The IL-11 receptor is highly expressed on stromal,
epithelial and polarized cells, where noncanonical IL-11 signaling drives the three …
systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease,
kidney disease, drug-induced liver injury, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. IL-11 is a
member of the IL-6 cytokine family and has several distinct properties that define its unique
and nonredundant roles in disease. The IL-11 receptor is highly expressed on stromal,
epithelial and polarized cells, where noncanonical IL-11 signaling drives the three …
