To investigate the relationship between infiltrating inflammatory cell and tumor angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and their clinicopathological features.

The paraffin-embedded specimens from 70 cases with HCC were stained using EliVision immunohistochemistry with mAbs against CD68, tryptase, and CD34. The counts of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), mast cell (MC) and tumor microvessel (MV) were performed in the tissue sections.

The mean counts of TAM, MC, and MV in HCC tissues were significantly higher than those in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (TAM: 69.31 ± 11.58 vs 40.23 ± 10.36; MC: 16.74 ± 5.67 vs 7.59 ± 4.18; MV: 70.11 ± 12.45 vs 38.52 ± 11.16, P<0.01). The MV count in the patients with metastasis was markedly higher than that with non-metastasis (P < 0.01). In addition, the MC count in the patients with poorly differentiated HCC was obviously higher than that with well differentiated HCC (P < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that the TAM count was significantly correlated with the count of MV (r = 0.712, P < 0.01), and the MC count was obviously correlated with the MV count (r = 0.336, P < 0.05).

TAM and MC might be closely related to the enhancement of tumor angiogenesis. The MV count might be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Moreover, the MC count might be associated with tumor differentiation and prognosis of HCC.