Clues for polygenic inheritance of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome from exome sequencing in 20 patients
N Zwaveling-Soonawala, M Alders… - The Journal of …, 2018 - academic.oup.com
N Zwaveling-Soonawala, M Alders, A Jongejan, L Kovačič, FA Duijkers, SM Maas, E Fliers…
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2018•academic.oup.comContext Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) consists of a small/absent anterior
pituitary lobe, an interrupted/absent pituitary stalk, and an ectopic posterior pituitary lobe.
Mendelian forms of PSIS are detected infrequently (< 5%), and a polygenic etiology has
been suggested. GLI2 variants have been reported at a relatively high frequency in PSIS.
Objective To provide further evidence for a non-Mendelian, polygenic etiology of PSIS.
Methods Exome sequencing (trio approach) in 20 patients with isolated PSIS. In addition to …
pituitary lobe, an interrupted/absent pituitary stalk, and an ectopic posterior pituitary lobe.
Mendelian forms of PSIS are detected infrequently (< 5%), and a polygenic etiology has
been suggested. GLI2 variants have been reported at a relatively high frequency in PSIS.
Objective To provide further evidence for a non-Mendelian, polygenic etiology of PSIS.
Methods Exome sequencing (trio approach) in 20 patients with isolated PSIS. In addition to …
Context
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) consists of a small/absent anterior pituitary lobe, an interrupted/absent pituitary stalk, and an ectopic posterior pituitary lobe. Mendelian forms of PSIS are detected infrequently (<5%), and a polygenic etiology has been suggested. GLI2 variants have been reported at a relatively high frequency in PSIS.
Objective
To provide further evidence for a non-Mendelian, polygenic etiology of PSIS.
Methods
Exome sequencing (trio approach) in 20 patients with isolated PSIS. In addition to searching for (potentially) pathogenic de novo and biallelic variants, a targeted search was performed in a panel of genes associated with midline brain development (223 genes). For GLI2 variants, both (potentially) pathogenic and relatively rare variants (<5% in the general population) were studied. The frequency of GLI2 variants was compared with that of a reference population.
Results
We found four additional candidate genes for isolated PSIS (DCHS1, ROBO2, CCDC88C, and KIF14) and one for syndromic PSIS (KAT6A). Eleven GLI2 variants were present in six patients. A higher frequency of a combination of two GLI2 variants (M1352V + D1520N) was found in the study group compared with a reference population (10% vs 0.68%). (Potentially) pathogenic variants were identified in genes associated with midline brain anomalies, including holoprosencephaly, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and absent corpus callosum and in genes involved in ciliopathies.
Conclusion
Combinations of variants in genes associated with midline brain anomalies are frequently present in PSIS and sustain the hypothesis of a polygenic cause of PSIS.
Oxford University Press