HIV‐1 neutralizing antibodies: understanding nature's pathways

JR Mascola, BF Haynes - Immunological reviews, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
JR Mascola, BF Haynes
Immunological reviews, 2013Wiley Online Library
The development of an effective vaccine has been hindered by the enormous diversity of
human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) and its ability to escape a myriad of host immune
responses. In addition, conserved vulnerable regions on the HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein
are often poorly immunogenic and elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses (BNA bs) in
a minority of HIV‐1‐infected individuals and only after several years of infection. All of the
known BNA bs demonstrate high levels of somatic mutations and often display other …
Summary
The development of an effective vaccine has been hindered by the enormous diversity of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) and its ability to escape a myriad of host immune responses. In addition, conserved vulnerable regions on the HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein are often poorly immunogenic and elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses (BNAbs) in a minority of HIV‐1‐infected individuals and only after several years of infection. All of the known BNAbs demonstrate high levels of somatic mutations and often display other unusual traits, such as a long heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDRH3) and autoreactivity that can be limited by host tolerance controls. Nonetheless, the demonstration that HIV‐1‐infected individuals can make potent BNAbs is encouraging, and recent progress in isolating such antibodies and mapping their immune pathways of development is providing new strategies for vaccination.
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