The aim of this clinical study was to determine levels of visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin), omentin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of obese and non-obese periodontitis patients following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Seventy-six subjects were separated into four groups according to periodontal and anthropometric measurements: a periodontal-healthy group, a chronic periodontitis (CP) group, a periodontal-healthy with obesity group, and a CP with obesity group. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment was administered to periodontitis patients. Before treatment and at 6 weeks after treatment, GCF samples were analyzed and clinical periodontal parameters were examined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of vaspin, omentin-1, and TNF-α. Obese and non-obese CP patients displayed higher levels of vaspin and TNF-α (P< 0.008), which declined following treatment (P< 0.025), and lower omentin levels (P< 0.008), which increased after treatment (P< 0.025). There was a negative correlation between the total amount of vaspin and omentin-1 in all groups. Obese and non-obese patients had opposing levels of vaspin and omentin-1 in the GCF; therefore, these may represent diagnostic and prognostic indicators of periodontal disease and therapeutic outcome.(J Oral Sci 58, 465-473, 2016)