Toll-like receptor 2 induces mucosal homing receptor expression and IgA production by human B cells

YM Liang, H Hasturk, J Elliot, A Noronha, X Liu… - Clinical …, 2011 - Elsevier
There is a need for developing vaccines that elicit mucosal immunity. Although oral or nasal
vaccination methods would be ideal, current strategies have yielded mixed success. Toll-like
receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands are effective adjuvants and are currently used in the Haemophilus
influenzae type B vaccine. Induction of humoral immunity in the mucosa is critical for
effective vaccination; thus, we sought to determine the effects of TLR2 ligands on human
mucosal B cell differentiation. We demonstrate that TLR2 ligands induce CCR9 and CCR10 …