A historical perspective on estradiol's enhancement of cognitive function is presented, and
research, primarily in animals, but also in humans, is reviewed. Data regarding the
mechanisms underlying the enhancements are discussed. Newer studies showing rapid
effects of estradiol on consolidation of memory through membrane interactions and
activation of inter-cellular signaling pathways are reviewed as well as studies focused on
traditional genomic mechanisms. Recent demonstrations of intra-neuronal estradiol …