Smooth muscle cell differentiation: model systems, regulatory mechanisms, and vascular diseases

N Shi, SY Chen - Journal of cellular physiology, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
Journal of cellular physiology, 2016Wiley Online Library
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation is an important process during vascular
development. The highly differentiated mature SMCs play critical roles in maintaining
structural and functional integrity of blood vessels. However, SMCs are not terminally
differentiated, and their phenotype can be modulated between contractile and proliferative
states in response to various environmental conditions. Alterations in SMC phenotype
contribute to a number of major cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis …
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation is an important process during vascular development. The highly differentiated mature SMCs play critical roles in maintaining structural and functional integrity of blood vessels. However, SMCs are not terminally differentiated, and their phenotype can be modulated between contractile and proliferative states in response to various environmental conditions. Alterations in SMC phenotype contribute to a number of major cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and restenosis following angioplasty, etc. The goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of the recent advancements in our understanding of SMC differentiation and the development of in vitro SMC differentiation models, with a particular emphasis on examination of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of SMC differentiation and phenotypic modulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 777–787, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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