[HTML][HTML] Reactivation of latent HIV-1 in central memory CD4+T cells through TLR-1/2 stimulation

CL Novis, NM Archin, MJ Buzon, E Verdin, JL Round… - Retrovirology, 2013 - Springer
CL Novis, NM Archin, MJ Buzon, E Verdin, JL Round, M Lichterfeld, DM Margolis
Retrovirology, 2013Springer
Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for recognition of pathogen-
associated molecular patterns by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs are present and
functional in CD4+ T cells. Memory CD4+ T cells, predominantly central memory cells (T
CM), constitute the main reservoir of latent HIV-1. However, how TLR ligands affect the
quiescence of latent HIV within central memory CD4+ T cells has not been studied. Results
We evaluated the ability of a broad panel of TLR agonists to reactivate latent HIV-1. The TLR …
Background
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs are present and functional in CD4+ T cells. Memory CD4+ T cells, predominantly central memory cells (TCM), constitute the main reservoir of latent HIV-1. However, how TLR ligands affect the quiescence of latent HIV within central memory CD4+ T cells has not been studied.
Results
We evaluated the ability of a broad panel of TLR agonists to reactivate latent HIV-1. The TLR-1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 leads to viral reactivation of quiescent HIV in a model of latency based on cultured TCM and in resting CD4+ T cells isolated from aviremic patients. In addition, we investigated the signaling pathway associated with Pam3CSK4 involved in HIV-1 reactivation. We show that the transcription factors NFκB, NFAT and AP-1 cooperate to induce viral reactivation downstream of TLR-1/2 stimulation. Furthermore, increasing levels of cyclin T1 is not required for TLR-mediated viral reactivation, but induction of viral expression requires activated pTEFb. Finally, Pam3CSK4 reactivates latent HIV-1 in the absence of T cell activation or proliferation, in contrast to antigen stimulation.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the signaling through TLR-1/2 pathway via Pam3CSK4 or other reagents should be explored as an anti-latency strategy either alone or in combination with other anti-latency drugs.
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