Highlights•Skeletal muscle secretes myokines that exert autocrine paracrine and endocrine
effects.•Paracrine factors modulate muscle angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and
innervation.•Myokine secretion is regulated by exercise.•Exercise benefits cardiovascular,
metabolic and mental health via endocrine factors.•The molecular mechanisms regulating
myokine secretion remain to be fully elucidated.Skeletal muscle cells are highly abundant
and metabolically active and are known to 'communicate'their energy demands to other …