Signaling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways mediates the actions of a
plethora of hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters upon their target cells
following receptor occupation. Overactivation of these pathways has been implicated in a
number of pathologies, in particular a range of malignancies. The tight regulation of
signaling pathways necessitates the involvement of both stimulatory and terminating
enzymes; inappropriate activation of a pathway can thus result from activation or inhibition of …