To investigate whether trabecular and cortical bone structure differ between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). So far, no study has performed a detailed comparative analysis of bone structure in patients with RA and PsA.

110 patients (60 RA, 50 PsA) received high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT of the distal radius. Demographic and disease-specific parameters including anti-rheumatic treatment, bone erosion status and previous fractures were recorded.

RA and PsA patients were comparable in age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, disease activity, functional status, antirheumatic treatment and bone erosion status. No significant differences were found for volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), including total BMD (300±77 vs 316±62 mgHA/cm³), trabecular BMD (152±46 vs 165±40 mgHA/cm³) and cortical BMD (787±113 vs 818±76 mgHA/cm³) when comparing RA patients to PsA patients, respectively. However, in contrast to seronegative RA, seropositive RA showed significantly reduced trabecular BMD (p=0.007), bone volume per tissue volume (p=0.007) and trabecular number (p=0.044), as well as a strong trend towards higher trabecular inhomogeneity compared to PsA patients. In the regression analysis, higher age, female gender and presence of autoantibodies were independently associated with trabecular bone loss.

Seropositive RA exhibits more profound changes in trabecular bone architecture than seronegative RA or PsA. The data support the concept that seropositive RA is a disease entity that is distinct from seronegative RA and PsA.