[HTML][HTML] Broadly neutralizing antibodies and viral inducers decrease rebound from HIV-1 latent reservoirs in humanized mice

A Halper-Stromberg, CL Lu, F Klein, JA Horwitz… - Cell, 2014 - cell.com
A Halper-Stromberg, CL Lu, F Klein, JA Horwitz, S Bournazos, L Nogueira, TR Eisenreich…
Cell, 2014cell.com
Latent reservoirs of HIV-1-infected cells are refractory to antiretroviral therapies (ART) and
remain the major barrier to curing HIV-1. Because latently infected cells are long-lived,
immunologically invisible, and may undergo homeostatic proliferation, a" shock and kill"
approach has been proposed to eradicate this reservoir by combining ART with inducers of
viral transcription. However, all attempts to alter the HIV-1 reservoir in vivo have failed to
date. Using humanized mice, we show that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) can …
Summary
Latent reservoirs of HIV-1-infected cells are refractory to antiretroviral therapies (ART) and remain the major barrier to curing HIV-1. Because latently infected cells are long-lived, immunologically invisible, and may undergo homeostatic proliferation, a "shock and kill" approach has been proposed to eradicate this reservoir by combining ART with inducers of viral transcription. However, all attempts to alter the HIV-1 reservoir in vivo have failed to date. Using humanized mice, we show that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) can interfere with establishment of a silent reservoir by Fc-FcR-mediated mechanisms. In established infection, bNAbs or bNAbs plus single inducers are ineffective in preventing viral rebound. However, bNAbs plus a combination of inducers that act by independent mechanisms synergize to decrease the reservoir as measured by viral rebound. Thus, combinations of inducers and bNAbs constitute a therapeutic strategy that impacts the establishment and maintenance of the HIV-1 reservoir in humanized mice.
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