[HTML][HTML] Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the primary defect in type 2 diabetes

RA DeFronzo, D Tripathy - Diabetes care, 2009 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Diabetes care, 2009ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The euglycemic insulin clamp technique (5) is
considered to be the gold standard for measuring insulin action in vivo. With this technique,
whole-body insulin action is quantified as the rate of exogenous glucose infusion (plus any
residual hepatic glucose production) required to maintain the plasma glucose concentration
at euglycemic levels in response to a fixed increment in the plasma insulin concentration.
Because 80–90% of the infused glucose is taken up by skeletal muscle under conditions of …
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The euglycemic insulin clamp technique (5) is considered to be the gold standard for measuring insulin action in vivo. With this technique, whole-body insulin action is quantified as the rate of exogenous glucose infusion (plus any residual hepatic glucose production) required to maintain the plasma glucose concentration at euglycemic levels in response to a fixed increment in the plasma insulin concentration. Because 80–90% of the infused glucose is taken up by skeletal muscle under conditions of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, insulin sensitivity measured with the insulin clamp technique primarily reflects skeletal muscle (6). Another advantage of this technique is that it can be combined with indirect calorimetry to measure different substrate oxidation rates and with muscle biopsy to examine the biochemical/molecular etiology of the insulin resistance. Measurement of insulin sensitivity by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test reflects both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance and correlates well with the insulin clamp technique (7).
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