Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 target genes as indicators of tumor vessel response to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition

DT Dang, SY Chun, K Burkitt, M Abe, S Chen, P Havre… - Cancer research, 2008 - AACR
DT Dang, SY Chun, K Burkitt, M Abe, S Chen, P Havre, NJ Mabjeesh, EI Heath
Cancer research, 2008AACR
Antiangiogenic therapy improves survival in patients with advanced stage cancers.
Currently, there are no reliable predictors or markers for tumor vessel response to
antiangiogenic therapy. To model effective antiangiogenic therapy, we disrupted the VEGF
gene in three representative cancer cell lines. HCT116 xenografts had low proportions of
endothelial tubes covered by pericytes that stained with α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)
antibody. Upon disruption of VEGF, HCT116 VEGF−/− xenografts had significantly …
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy improves survival in patients with advanced stage cancers. Currently, there are no reliable predictors or markers for tumor vessel response to antiangiogenic therapy. To model effective antiangiogenic therapy, we disrupted the VEGF gene in three representative cancer cell lines. HCT116 xenografts had low proportions of endothelial tubes covered by pericytes that stained with α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody. Upon disruption of VEGF, HCT116VEGF−/− xenografts had significantly decreased tumor microvessel perfusion compared with their parental counterparts. Furthermore, HCT116VEGF−/− xenografts mounted a tumor-reactive response to hypoxia, characterized by the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) target genes. One highly induced protein was DPP4, a measurable serum protein that has well-described roles in cancer progression. In contrast, LS174T and MKN45 tumor xenografts had high proportion of endothelial tubes that were covered by SMA+ pericytes. Upon disruption of VEGF, LS174TVEGF−/− and MKN45VEGF−/− xenografts maintained tumor microvessel perfusion. As such, there were no changes in intratumoral hypoxia or HIF-1α induction. Together, these data show that the extent of tumor vessel response to angiogenic inhibition could be correlated with (a) the preexisting coverage of tumor endothelial tubes with SMA+ pericytes and (b) differential tumor induction of HIF-1 target genes. The data further show that DPP4 is a novel marker of HIF-1 induction. Altogether, these preclinical findings suggest novel clinical trials for predicting and monitoring tumor vessel responses to antiangiogenic therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1872–80]
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