[HTML][HTML] Metabolic reprograming in macrophage polarization

S Galván-Peña, LAJ O'Neill - Frontiers in immunology, 2014 - frontiersin.org
Frontiers in immunology, 2014frontiersin.org
Studying the metabolism of immune cells in recent years has emphasized the tight link
existing between the metabolic state and the phenotype of these cells. Macrophages in
particular are a good example of this phenomenon. Whether the macrophage obtains its
energy through glycolysis or through oxidative metabolism can give rise to different
phenotypes. Classically activated or M1 macrophages are key players of the first line of
defense against bacterial infections and are known to obtain energy through glycolysis …
Studying the metabolism of immune cells in recent years has emphasized the tight link existing between the metabolic state and the phenotype of these cells. Macrophages in particular are a good example of this phenomenon. Whether the macrophage obtains its energy through glycolysis or through oxidative metabolism can give rise to different phenotypes. Classically activated or M1 macrophages are key players of the first line of defense against bacterial infections and are known to obtain energy through glycolysis. Alternatively activated or M2 macrophages on the other hand are involved in tissue repair and wound healing and use oxidative metabolism to fuel their longer-term functions. Metabolic intermediates, however, are not just a source of energy but can be directly implicated in a particular macrophage phenotype. In M1 macrophages, the Krebs cycle intermediate succinate regulates HIF1α, which is responsible for driving the sustained production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β. In M2 macrophages, the sedoheptulose kinase carbohydrate kinase-like protein is critical for regulating the pentose phosphate pathway. The potential to target these events and impact on disease is an exciting prospect.
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