[HTML][HTML] Indoxyl sulfate, a representative uremic toxin, suppresses erythropoietin production in a HIF-dependent manner

CK Chiang, T Tanaka, R Inagi, T Fujita… - Laboratory …, 2011 - Elsevier
Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients encounter anemia through insufficient
erythropoietin (EPO) production by peritubular fibroblasts. Recent studies showed an
increase in EPO production by pharmacological activation of hypoxia-inducible transcription
factors (HIFs) in dialysis patients, suggesting that desensitization of the oxygen-sensing
mechanism is responsible for the development of renal anemia. Our recent work
demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, dysregulates oxygen metabolism in …