How does TGF-β mediate tubulointerstitial fibrosis?

L Gewin, R Zent - Seminars in nephrology, 2012 - Elsevier
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis mediates the development of end-stage renal disease from renal
injuries of all etiologies and is considered an important predictor of renal survival.
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most important growth factors that
promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but the mechanisms whereby this occurs are not well
defined. This is because TGF-β has pleiotropic effects that depend on the target cell type.
This review discusses how TGF-β signaling in each of the relevant cell types (eg, tubular …