Normal fetal growth depends on the genetically predetermined growth potential and its
modulation by the health of the fetus, placenta and the mother. Fetuses that are small
because of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at higher risk for poor perinatal and
long-term outcome than those who are appropriately grown. Of the many potential
underlying processes that may result in IUGR, placental disease is clinically the most
relevant. Fetal cardiovascular and behavioral responses to placental insufficiency and the …