Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reinfections have been associated with damaging congenital infection and adverse outcomes in transplant recipients. To determine the frequency of and risk factors for CMV reinfections, 205 seropositive women were followed up prospectively. The appearance of new antibody specificity against 1 of 4 polymorphic epitopes was considered as evidence of CMV reinfection. Approximately onethird of the study participants (59 [29%] of 205) were noted to have CMV reinfection during follow-up. None of the exposure factors were associated withCMVreinfection.Women with antibodies against at least 1 of the 4 antigens at baseline had a 63% decreased risk of reinfection, suggesting a protective role for strain-specific immunity.