Old and new intravenous inotropic agents in the treatment of advanced heart failure
M Metra, L Bettari, V Carubelli, L Dei Cas - Progress in cardiovascular …, 2011 - Elsevier
Inotropic agents are administered to improve cardiac output and peripheral perfusion in
patients with systolic dysfunction and low cardiac output. However, there is evidence of
increased mortality and adverse effects associated with current inotropic agents. These
adverse outcomes may be ascribed to patient selection, increased myocardial energy
expenditure and oxygen consumption, or to specific mechanisms of action. Both
sympathomimetic amines and type III phosphodiesterase inhibitors act through an increase …
patients with systolic dysfunction and low cardiac output. However, there is evidence of
increased mortality and adverse effects associated with current inotropic agents. These
adverse outcomes may be ascribed to patient selection, increased myocardial energy
expenditure and oxygen consumption, or to specific mechanisms of action. Both
sympathomimetic amines and type III phosphodiesterase inhibitors act through an increase …