Whereas the central nervous system (CNS) usually cannot regenerate, peripheral nerves
regenerate spontaneously after injury because of a permissive environment and activation
of the intrinsic growth capacity of neurons. Functional regeneration requires axon regrowth
and remyelination of the regenerated axons by Schwann cells. Multiple factors including
neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and hormones participate in
Schwann cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and remyelination. We describe the current …