[HTML][HTML] Emerging themes in lipid rafts and caveolae
F Galbiati, B Razani, MP Lisanti - Cell, 2001 - cell.com
F Galbiati, B Razani, MP Lisanti
Cell, 2001•cell.comFor many years, scientists viewed the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane as a two-
dimensional “fluid mosaic”(Singer and Nicolson, 1972). In this so-called “liquid-crystalline
state,” packing is loose and lateral diffusion is relatively rapid (Gennis, 1989; Lee, 1977).
The implication of such a model is that all plasma membrane proteins are considered to be
uniformly dispersed in the lipid solvent, akin to “icebergs in a sea of lipid.” Many
independent investigators in the past decade, however, have provided evidence for the …
dimensional “fluid mosaic”(Singer and Nicolson, 1972). In this so-called “liquid-crystalline
state,” packing is loose and lateral diffusion is relatively rapid (Gennis, 1989; Lee, 1977).
The implication of such a model is that all plasma membrane proteins are considered to be
uniformly dispersed in the lipid solvent, akin to “icebergs in a sea of lipid.” Many
independent investigators in the past decade, however, have provided evidence for the …
For many years, scientists viewed the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane as a two-dimensional “fluid mosaic”(Singer and Nicolson, 1972). In this so-called “liquid-crystalline state,” packing is loose and lateral diffusion is relatively rapid (Gennis, 1989; Lee, 1977). The implication of such a model is that all plasma membrane proteins are considered to be uniformly dispersed in the lipid solvent, akin to “icebergs in a sea of lipid.” Many independent investigators in the past decade, however, have provided evidence for the existence of other lipid bilayer states, namely “liquid-ordered” membranes. These regions are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids (Table 1), making them more ordered and less fluid than the bulk plasma membrane. As a consequence, these membranes are resistant to solubilization with nonionic detergents at low temperatures (Brown and London, 1997; Moldovan et al., 1995). These liquid-ordered microdomains of the plasma-membrane have been termed lipid rafts (Figure 1A). However, lipid rafts have also been referred to in the literature by many different names: detergent-insoluble glycolipid-rich domains (DIGs), glycolipid-enriched membranes (GEMs), and low-density Triton-insoluble (LDTI) complexes. It is now clear that lipid rafts function to organize the plasma membrane into a series of discrete microdomains. These microdomains then act as platforms for conducting a variety of cellular functions, such as vesicular trafficking and signal transduction (Simons and Ikonen, 1997).
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