Although global commitment to control the HIV/AIDS pandemic has significantly increased in recent years, the virus continues to spread with alarming and increasing speed. By the end of 2005, an estimated 40 million people worldwide were living with HIV, a notable rise from the 35 million infected with HIV in 2001 [1]. In 2005, close to 5 million new HIV infections and 3 million AIDS deaths occurred, more than in any previous year. Although sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected by HIV/AIDS, the virus is now spreading rapidly in Asia and parts of Eastern Europe. Detailed information on the global burden of HIV/AIDS, regional differences, and trends over time is available in the AIDS Epidemic Update: December 2005 [1].

Despite the rapid spread of HIV, several countries have achieved important advances in curbing its transmission. The extraordinary potential of HIV prevention is exemplified by such diverse efforts as Thailand’s 100% condom program; Uganda’s remarkable decrease in HIV prevalence and incidence; and Senegal’s sustained success in minimizing HIV incidence [2–4]. These prevention successes stemmed, in part, from unique cultural, historic, and infrastructural elements of each country. A critical factor in their success had to do with how appropriately