▪ Abstract Growing evidence has indicated that cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status
regulates various aspects of cellular function. Oxidative stress can elicit positive responses
such as cellular proliferation or activation, as well as negative responses such as growth
inhibition or cell death. Cellular redox status is maintained by intracellular redox-regulating
molecules, including thioredoxin (TRX). TRX is a small multifunctional protein that has a
redox-active disulfide/dithiol within the conserved active site sequence: Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys …