The local production of stem cell factor (SCF) may be an important mechanism for regulating proliferation, differentiation, and migration of various cells bearing c‐kit receptors, and might be susceptible to the cytokines that serve in inflammation and tissue repair. We have demonstrated that in three murine cell lines, Balb/3T3A31, MC3T3‐E1, and C3H‐2K, which constitutively produced SCF with different quantity, the SCF mRNA expression was greatly enhanced in response to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1). The study was carried out by in situ hybridization utilizing nonradioactive oligonucleotide probes and quantitative image analysis. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) moderately increased SCF mRNA in all cell lines, but IL‐3 did not. The dot‐blot enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) further confirmed that SCF protein production in these cell lines and bone marrow stromal cells was markedly enhanced by TGF‐β1, although TGF‐β1 suppressed the proliferation of all these cells. bFGF also enhanced the SCF production in these cell lines, but did not in bone marrow stromal cells, suggesting a difference in their susceptibility to the cytokine. Our results suggest that TGF‐β1 and bFGF potentially modulate the biological function of cells bearing c‐kit receptors through the modulation of SCF production in fibroblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 181:285–294, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.