Although aberrant integrin expression has been documented in many epithelial tumors, little is known about how integrins influence neoplastic progression. To examine this issue, transgenic mice in which the α2β1 or α3β1 integrin was expressed in the suprabasal epidermal layers via the involucrin promoter were subjected to skin carcinogenesis. Equal numbers of benign squamous papillomas were observed in transgenic and wild-type animals. However, the frequency of conversion of papillomas to malignant squamous cell carcinomas was much lower in α3β1 transgenic than in α2β1 transgenic and wild-type mice. No differences were observed in apoptosis or in the expression of endogenous integrins in transgenic and wild-type papillomas. However, α3β1 transgenic papillomas displayed a diminished proliferative capacity and were more highly differentiated as judged by BrdUrd incorporation and keratin 10 expression, respectively, than α2β1 transgenic and wild-type papillomas. Two proteins that associate with α3β1 and not α2β1 are extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and CD81. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expression correlated inversely with the degree of differentiation in normal epidermis and in transgenic and wild-type papillomas. Up-regulation of CD81 was observed in 100% of wild-type and 88% of α2β1 transgenic papillomas but in only 25% of α3β1 transgenic papillomas. CD81 was undetectable in untreated epidermis and strongly expressed in all transgenic and wild-type squamous cell carcinomas. Our results demonstrate that the α3β1 integrin can suppress malignant conversion, and that the mechanism may involve CD81.