Although there have been reports regarding the clinical effectiveness of IFNα in the treatment of myeloma patients during this decade, its biological effects on human myeloma cells have still not been clarified. Recently, apoptosis has been considered as one of the most important mechanisms in the programmed cell death of malignant tumour cells induced by chemotherapeutic agents or cytotoxic immunological defence in malignancy‐carrying hosts. Among the several pathways which function to induce apoptosis, Fas and the Fas ligand system have been thought to play an important role in inducing tumour‐cell apoptosis, particularly in immunological prevention. In this study we investigated myeloma cell apoptosis induced by IFNα using five human myeloma cell lines which were established without any additional supplementation of IL‐6. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis‐related genes employing the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) were also analysed with the KMS‐12‐PE cell line, which was the most sensitive of the five cell lines in terms of apoptosis induced by IFNα. Based on the results, it was determined that IFNα induced myeloma cell apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner, but the sensitivity to IFNα in the cell lines examined varied and one cell line revealed growth stimulation by IFNα. In addition, the apoptosis induced by IFNα did not seem to be mediated by the Fas/Fas ligand pathway. Finally, the IL‐6, IL‐6R, IRF1 and IRF2 genes were up‐regulated in KMS‐12‐PE cells cultured with IFNα. Therefore these genes may play an important role during apoptosis induced by IFNα.