[HTML][HTML] Functional characterization of transforming growth factor β signaling in Smad2-and Smad3-deficient fibroblasts

E Piek, WJ Ju, J Heyer, D Escalante-Alcalde… - Journal of biological …, 2001 - ASBMB
A prominent pathway of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling involves receptor-
dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, which then translocate to the nucleus to
activate transcription of target genes. To investigate the relative importance of these two
Smad proteins in TGF-β1 signal transduction, we have utilized a loss of function approach,
based on analysis of the effects of TGF-β1 on fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos
deficient in Smad2 (S2KO) or Smad3 (S3KO). TGF-β1 caused 50% inhibition of cellular …