Alveolar macrophage dysregulation in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1

FN Rouhani, ML Brantly, TC Markello… - American journal of …, 2009 - atsjournals.org
FN Rouhani, ML Brantly, TC Markello, A Helip-Wooley, K O'Brien, R Hess, M Huizing…
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2009atsjournals.org
Rationale: Individuals with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 (HPS-1), an autosomal
recessive disorder characterized by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles,
develop an accelerated form of progressive fibrotic lung disease. The etiology of pulmonary
fibrosis associated with HPS-1 is unknown. Objectives: To investigate the potential
pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in HPS-1, lung cells and proteins from individuals with
HPS-1 were studied. Methods: Forty-one subjects with HPS-1 with and without pulmonary …
Rationale: Individuals with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 (HPS-1), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles, develop an accelerated form of progressive fibrotic lung disease. The etiology of pulmonary fibrosis associated with HPS-1 is unknown.
Objectives: To investigate the potential pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in HPS-1, lung cells and proteins from individuals with HPS-1 were studied.
Methods: Forty-one subjects with HPS-1 with and without pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated with pulmonary function tests, high-resolution computed tomography scan, and bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells and analytes were analyzed.
Measurements and Main Results: Concentrations of total bronchoalveolar lavage cells and alveolar macrophages were significantly higher in epithelial lining fluid from subjects with HPS-1 with and without pulmonary fibrosis compared with healthy research volunteers. Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines (i.e., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in alveolar epithelial lining fluid were significantly higher in subjects with HPS-1 with and without pulmonary fibrosis compared with healthy research volunteers (P < 0.001). In vitro, HPS-1 pulmonary fibrosis alveolar macrophages, which did not express HPS1 mRNA, secreted significantly higher concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) protein compared with normal cells (P = 0.001, P = 0.014, and P = 0.011, respectively). Pirfenidone suppressed HPS-1 alveolar macrophage cytokine and chemokine secretion in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusions: In HPS-1, alveolar inflammation predominantly involves macrophages and is associated with high lung concentrations of cytokines and chemokines. HPS-1 alveolar macrophages provide a model system in which to study the pathogenesis and treatment of HPS pulmonary fibrosis.
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