Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels. A number of
soluble and cell-bound factors may stimulate neovascularization. The perpetuation of
angiogenesis involving numerous soluble and cell surface-bound mediators has been
associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These angiogenic mediators, among others,
include growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-
inducible factors (HIFs), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, various chemokines, cell …