Background Tourette syndrome (TS) is thought to result from dysfunction of the associative-
limbic territories of the basal ganglia, and patients with severe symptoms of TS respond
poorly to medication. High-frequency stimulation has recently been applied to patients with
TS in open studies using the centromedian-parafascicular complex (CM-Pf) of the thalamus,
the internal globus pallidus (GPi), or the anterior limb of the internal capsule as the principal
target. Objective To report the effect of high-frequency stimulation of the CM-Pf and/or the …