With improved survival in the era of antiretroviral therapy, kidney disease has emerged as
an important complication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and
antiretroviral therapy. The classic kidney disease of HIV infection, HIV-associated
nephropathy, occurs almost exclusively in patients of African descent. HIV-associated
nephropathy is characterized by collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with
associated tubular dilatation and interstitial inflammation, although the histology may be …