Background.

Although most transplanted patients with underlying IgA nephropathy (IgAN) develop histological recurrence, its clinical relevance is considered low.

Methods.

We performed a single-center analysis of 61 renal transplant patients with IgAN.

Results.

Forty-four percent of the patients showed a stable graft function. Progressive graft dysfunction apparently due to recurrent IgAN occurred in 23% of the patients (16% required dialysis). Five patients were retransplanted, and three again developed dialysis-dependent renal failure apparently due to recurrent IgAN. In 20% of the patients, chronic transplant dysfunction was due to other reasons, whereas no reason was identified in 13% of the patients. Neither findings before transplantation, the ACE genotype, the type of immunosuppression, nor the course after transplantation predicted transplant dysfunction due to recurrent IgAN. Follow-up after transplantation was longer in the group with dysfunction due to recurrent disease than in the group with dysfunction due to chronic rejection or in the stable group.

Conclusion.

Recurrent IgAN is a clinically relevant problem in renal transplant patients. Its importance may have been underestimated in the past due to inadequate lengths of follow-up.