A calculated response: control of inflammation by the innate immune system
J. Clin. Invest. Gregory M. Barton, et al. 118:413 doi:10.1172/JCI34431 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
Pattern recognition by the innate immune system. A schematic representation of the PRR families within the innate immune system. TLRs are transmembrane receptors, whereas Nods, Naips, Nalps, as well as the nucleic acid sensors RIG-I, MDA-5, and DAI-1 are all present in the cytosol. Most of these PRR families activate common transcription factors and induce the expression of proinflammatory genes. Members of the Nalp and Naip families control activation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex responsible for the processing and secretion of IL-1. Whether other PRR families can directly induce inflammasome activation remains controversial. Refer to the text for a discussion of the ligands recognized by each PRR family.