Blocking TNF-α in mice reduces colorectal carcinogenesis associated with chronic colitis
J. Clin. Invest. Boryana K. Popivanova, et al. 118:560 doi:10.1172/JCI32453 [
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Figure 7The effect of etanercept on COX-2 expression and angiogenesis. (
A) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis for COX-2 was performed on total RNAs extracted from the colons at the indicated time intervals as described in Methods. The levels of COX-2 mRNA were normalized to the levels of GAPDH mRNA. *
P < 0.05 versus untreated (control) mice. (
B and
C) Immunohistochemical analysis with anti–COX-2 antibody was performed on colons from WT mice as described in Methods. Boxed area in
B is shown at higher magnification. Representative results from 5 independent animals are shown in
B (original magnification, ×400; ×1,000 [insets]). The numbers of COX-2 expressing cells were determined on 5 independent animals as described in Methods. The mean and SD were calculated on all values and are shown in
C. *
P < 0.05 versus untreated mice. (
D and
E) Colon tissues were immunostained with anti-CD31 antibody as described in Methods. Representative results from 5 independent animals are shown in
D. Arrows in
D indicate capillary vessels. Original magnification, ×400. The vascular densities were determined as described in Methods and are shown in
E. All values represent the mean ± SD. *
P < 0.05 versus untreated mice.
