Immune suppression or enhancement by CD137 T cell costimulation during acute viral infection is time dependent
J. Clin. Invest. Benyue Zhang, et al. 117:3029 doi:10.1172/JCI32426 [Go to this article.]

Figure 6
Anti-CD137 directly induces anergy in T cells. CD137-deficient or C57BL/6 splenic CD8⁺ T cells (4–20 × 10⁶) were adoptively transferred by tail vein injection into Rag^–/– mice. The following day the mice were infected by i.p. injection with 2 × 10⁵ PFU LCMV Armstrong. On day 1 P.I., 1 group of mice was injected with 200 μg anti-CD137, and a second group was injected with an equal amount of rat IgG. On day 8 P.I., the mice were euthanized and the frequencies (A) and total number (C) of GP33-41 tetramer-positive CD8⁺ T cells were determined by FACS analysis. Likewise, the frequencies (B) and absolute numbers (D) of IFN-γ–producing CD8⁺ T cells were determined after 5 hours of in vitro GP33-41 restimulation, followed by cell permeablization and ICS with a FITC-conjugated anti–IFN-γ mAb. The numbers in the boxes indicate the percentage of GP33-41⁺ CD8⁺ T cells (A) and the percentage of IFN-γ⁺ CD8⁺ T cells (B). Representative data from 1 of 5 mice are shown from 3 experiments.