Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase–expressing dendritic cells form suppurative granulomas following Listeria monocytogenes infection
J. Clin. Invest. Alexey Popov, et al. 116:3160 doi:10.1172/JCI28996 [
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Figure 4Regulation of genes and proteins shown to be associated with induction of IDO. (
A) Heat map showing fold changes of gene transcription for type I and II IFNs, TNF-α, and
PTGS2 (COX-2) as well as the corresponding receptors. Fold changes were calculated for each individual sample pair (control DCs versus infected DCs from a matching donor at the respective time point) and color coded (blue, downregulated; white, unchanged; and red, upregulated genes); scale of fold changes ranged from –5.19 FC to +136.48 FC (Supplemental Table 3). (
B) Protein expression of TNF-α in supernatants from immDCs either infected with
L. monocytogenes (+) or not infected (–) and subsequently cultured for up to 24 hours. Expression of TNF-α was assessed by ELISA. Shown here are mean ± SD derived from 4 different donors. Asterisks highlight statistically significant comparisons (*
P < 0.05; **
P < 0.01). (
C) At the same time points as in
B, DCs were harvested and subsequently lysed to assess protein expression of COX-2 and β-actin by immunoblotting. Results of 1 representative experiment out of 6 are shown. (
D) To assess the function of COX-2 in DCs infected with
L. monocytogenes (+) or control DCs (–), stable PGE metabolites (PGEM) were measured in DC supernatants by EIA at the indicated time points (
n = 2). Asterisks highlight statistically significant comparisons (**
P < 0.01). (
E) Expression of IFN-γ was assessed by ELISA. Shown here are mean ± SD derived from 4 different donors. Asterisks highlight statistically significant comparisons (*
P < 0.05).
