Yeast zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, induces regulatory antigen-presenting cells and immunological tolerance
J. Clin. Invest. Stephanie Dillon, et al. 116:916 doi:10.1172/JCI27203 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
Zymosan induces IL-10 in DCs via a mechanism dependent on ERK MAPK. (A) On day 6, human monocyte-derived DCs were cultured with LPS or zymosan for 0, 15, 60, or 240 minutes. At each time point, the expression of phosphorylated and total ERK was evaluated by ELISA. Data are presented as the fold increases in the phosphorylated to total protein ratios relative to the 0 minute value. Data are representative of 4 experiments. (B) Flow cytometric analyses of phospho-ERK expression in DCs. Filled histograms represent the staining in unstimulated DCs, and the open histograms represent staining after stimulation. Data are representative of 3 experiments. (C) Effect of blocking dectin-1–β-glucan interactions, with laminarin on ERK activation. Data are representative of 3 experiments. Numbers in histograms indicate mean fluorescent intensities of the zymosan-treated DCs. No stimulus indicates DCs cultured in medium alone for 60 or 90 minutes. (D) Effect of blocking ERK1 and 2 with U0126, a synthetic MEK1 and 2 inhibitor, on IL-10 induction by zymosan in human monocyte-derived DCs. Data are representative of 4 experiments. (E) Role of ERK1 and 2 on IL-10 induction by zymosan on CD11c⁺ murine splenic DCs. DCs from wild-type or ERK1^–/– mice were cultured in vitro in the presence of zymosan for 24–48 hours and IL-10 levels assayed by ELISA. Data are representative of 3 experiments. *P < 0.05, control vs. U0126 and WT vs. ERK1–/–.