Immune sensing of Candida albicans requires cooperative recognition of mannans and glucans by lectin and Toll-like receptors
J. Clin. Invest. Mihai G. Netea, et al. 116:1642 doi:10.1172/JCI27114 [Go to this article.]

Figure 2
The role of mannan for the cytokine stimulation by C. albicans . (A) Human MNCs or peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6J mice were stimulated for 24 hours at 37°C with 50 μg/ml purified mannan from C. albicans. (B) Peritoneal macrophages from wild-type mice and mice deficient in MyD88, TLR2, or TLR4 were stimulated with mannan. TNF and IL-6 concentrations were measured in the supernatants by specific RIA and ELISA, respectively. Results are pooled data from 2 separate experiments with a total of 10 mice per group. (C) Purified mannan was preincubated for 1 hour at 37°C with human MNCs before stimulation with 1 × 10⁶ yeast cells/ml. Supernatants were collected after additional incubation for 24 hours, and TNF and IL-6 were measured. (D) Human MNCs were stimulated for 24 hours at 37°C with whole cells of either wild-type C. albicans (strain NGY152; ref. 26), a mutant defective in the Golgi transporter pmr1 (strain NGY355; ref. 26), or a control strain in which a wild-type copy of PMR1 was introduced into the pmr1 mutant (strain NGY356; ref. 26). TNF and IL-6 concentrations were assessed by RIA and ELISA, respectively. Results (mean ± SD) are pooled triplicate data from 2 separate experiments with a total of 8 volunteers per group. *P < 0.05 versus wild-type.