Reprogramming of antiviral T cells prevents inactivation and restores T cell activity during persistent viral infection
J. Clin. Invest. David G. Brooks, et al. 116:1675 doi:10.1172/JCI26856 [Go to this article.]

Figure 5
Therapeutically decreasing viral loads prevents CD4⁺ T cell inactivation but only minimally preserves CD8⁺ T cell function. (A and B) The ability of SMARTA (A) and P14 (B) cells from untreated (gray bars) or ribavirin-treated (black bars) animals to produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 was determined on day 9 after infection with either LCMV Arm (left 2 bars in each graph) or Cl 13 (right 2 bars in each graph). The top graphs of each figure represent the frequency of cytokine-producing SMARTA (A) or P14 (B) cells. The bottom graphs of each figure represent the absolute number of SMARTA (A) or P14 (B) cells and the total number of cytokine-producing SMARTA or P14 cells. The bars represent the average ± SD of 4 mice in each group in 3 independent experiments. Note that the scales on the y axis differ for the cytokines analyzed. *Statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) between the untreated and ribavirin-treated animals; **P ≤ 0.01.