GDNF rescues hyperglycemia-induced diabetic enteric neuropathy through
activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway
J. Clin. Invest. Mallappa Anitha, et al. 116:344 doi:10.1172/JCI26295 [
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Figure 6Diabetes is associated with increased cleaved caspase-3 staining in myenteric neurons. (
A) Transgene GDNF is expressed in the ilea in Tg-DM mice. Analysis of Tg GDNF mRNA expression in the ilea of WT-C and Tg-C mice by RT-PCR, using primers that detect the mRNA transcribed from the Tg construct. (
B) GDNF staining in WT and Tg mouse ilea sections. The arrows point to the myenteric ganglia. The yellow staining is due to colocalization of GDNF and GFAP. GFAP was used as a glial marker. A total of 3 experiments was performed. Scale bars: 100 μm. (
C) Frozen cross sections of WT-C, WT-DM, Tg-C, and Tg-DM mouse ilea were assessed for myenteric neuronal apoptosis. Apoptosis was assessed using double-labeling immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 (red) and peripherin (green). Representative photographs for WT-C and WT-DM mice are shown. The arrows point to the myenteric ganglia. Apoptosis in the ganglia is identified by yellow staining due to colocalization of cleaved caspase-3 and peripherin. (
D) Magnified view of white box in
C shows the yellow-stained caspases positive enteric ganglia. (
E) Percentage increase in cleaved caspase-3–positive enteric ganglia in different mice compared with WT-C. A total of 3 experiments was performed. ***
P < 0.001. Scale bars: 100 μm.
